Chapter 8
Regional Histories from the 4th to 8th Centuries AH
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The Sh’ites have also had a share in regional historiography. Among the earliest work in this field, which predates all other books is Nihl al-‘Arab by Muhammad bin Bahr RahnÄ«.[36] YÄqut al-HamawÄ«, commenting on this book and its author, writes:
He has written many works including the one titled KitÄb Nihl al-‘Arab, in which he has mentioned the dispersion of Arabs in the lands of Islam, noting whether they were Shi‘ite, Kharijite or Sunni, but he had good words for the Shi‘ites as well as for others. I know about the part of the book which deals with the people of the east, especially of KirmÄn, SÄ«stÄn, KhurÄsÄn and TabaristÄn.
Nothing remains of this book except what YÄqut al-HamawÄ« has written in Mu‘jam al-BuldÄn.
The book al-BuldÄn wa al MasÄhah or al-TibyÄn fÄ« AhwÄl al-BuldÄn as it is also known, was written by Ahmad bin Muhammad bin KhÄlid al-BarqÄ«. The author of TÄrÄ«kh al-Qum used this work in the fourth century as a source for his history of Qum (MudarrisÄ« has pointed out the quotations from al-TibyÄn in TÄrÄ«kh al-Qum; refer to Bibliography of Works related to Qum, p. 18. RÄfi‘Ä« has also quoted some passages from it in al-TadwÄ«n, pp. 44-48). In the printed edition of TÄrÄ«kh al-Qum, al-BarqÄ« has been quoted extensively, and in one instance, it says: “In the book al-BunyÄn al-BarqÄ« thus writes...”.[37] It is possible that al-BunyÄn is the misspelling of al-BuldÄn. Another possibility is that the author of the bibliographical work Kashf al-Zunun has misspelled the book whose actual title is KitÄb al-TibyÄn fÄ« AhwÄl al- BuldÄn.[38] Muhammad bin KhÄlid al-BarqÄ«, the father of Ahmad al-BarqÄ« has also been named as the author of al-BuldÄn wa al MasÄhah.[39] Another book of the same name al-BuldÄn wa al-MasÄhah was written in the third century by AbÄ« Ja‘far Muhammad bin ‘AbdullÄh bin Ja‘far bin Husayn bin Jami‘ al-HimyarÄ«. When he failed in his efforts to get a copy of Ahmad al-BarqÄ«’s book in Baghdad, Rayy and Qum, he decided to write a new book in this connection under the same title.[40]
Another important book on the history of Qum is the one written in 378 AH by Hasan bin Muhammad bin Hasan al-QummÄ«. It is one of the most interesting and academic books of the early period of Islamic civilization. In contrast to the regional historiography of this period which mainly concerns the life of the notables of the cities, this particular work is a scholarly account of the various issues, including civic affairs, related to the city’s history. In the introduction, the compiler has divided the book into twenty chapters but unfortunately the Persian translation of only the fifth chapter is extant. There is no information either on the Arabic version or the rest of the translation. The Persian translation was completed in 805 AH by Hasan bin ‘AlÄ« bin Hasan bin ‘Abd al-Malik QummÄ«. Apart from the information given on the city of Qum, the book mentions valuable details concerning the collecting of taxes in those days. In addition the author has elaborated in detail on the Ash‘arÄ« tribe of the city beginning with its place of origin in Yemen and the meeting with Prophet Muhammad (S) in Medina on the advent of Islam till its migration to Iraq and then to Qum. He has also focused on the role of Ash‘arite tribesmen in the early Islamic conquests especially the conquest of parts of Iran.
Another valuable but lost book is the TÄrÄ«kh Rayy by Muntajab al-DÄ«n Ibn Babawayh the author of al-Fihrist who lived in the sixth century. Ibn Hajar ‘AsqalÄnÄ« in his LisÄn al-MÄ«zÄn has quoted accounts of several Shi‘ite and Sunni notables from this book, of which 47 have been mentioned by the late UrmawÄ« in his introduction to the edition of al-Fihrist published by the AyatullÄh Mar‘ashÄ« NajafÄ« Library, Qum (pp. 11-16). TÄrÄ«kh Rayy was also the title of a historical book written by Abu Sa‘Ä«d Mansur bin Husayn AbÄ« the author of the valuable book Nathr al-Dur.[41] Another important book is the TÄrÄ«kh Tabaristan of Ibn IsfandiyÄr who lived in the 6th century AH. It is considered the most important work on the history of TabaristÄn by a Shi‘ite historian. Mention should also be made of the TÄrÄ«kh RuyÄn of MawlÄnÄ AwliyÄ’ Allah AmulÄ«. It is a precious work on regional history in which the author has mentioned part of the historical viewpoints of the Shi‘ites in the days of the Imams (‘a).
Notes:
[36] Mu‘jam al-UdabÄ, vol. 18, p. 31 al-WÄfÄ« bi al-WafayÄt, vol. 2, p. 244; al-DharÄ«‘ah, vol. 24, p. 82.
[37] TÄrÄ«kh Qum, p. 56.
[38] Refer to al-DharÄ«‘ah, vol. 3, pp. 145 under the letter ShÄ«n 497.
[39] Ibid.
[40] RijÄl al-NajÄshÄ«, p. 355.
[41] Al-DharÄ«‘ah, vol. 3, p. 254.